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THE DEITY OF CHRIST — LECTURE 5

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The Logos of John 1:1 — Greek Grammar and the Nature of Christ

THE DEITY OF CHRIST — LECTURE 5

Introduction: The Most Critical Verse in Christology

Having established from the Old Testament that the Messiah is divine, we now come to one of the most decisive passages in all Scripture:

John 1:1

This verse does not merely suggest the nature of Christ—it defines it with precision.

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”

Every phrase is deliberate. Every word is exact. And when examined in the original Greek, the meaning becomes even more powerful.

This passage answers three essential questions:

  • Did Christ exist before His birth?
  • Is He distinct from the Father?
  • Is He truly God?

John 1:1 answers all three—clearly and conclusively.

 

I. Greek Text and Structure

The original Greek reads:

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος

Transliteration:

  • En archē ēn ho logos
  • kai ho logos ēn pros ton theon
  • kai theos ēn ho logos

We will examine each clause carefully.

 

II. Clause 1 — “In the beginning was the Word”

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος

Key observations:

  • Ἐν ἀρχῇ (En archē) — “In the beginning”
    → Same phrase used in Genesis 1:1
  • ἦν (ēn) — imperfect tense of “to be”
    → Indicates continuous existence in the past

This does not mean:

  • “The Word began”

It means:
The Word already existed when the beginning occurred

Therefore:

The Word is eternal, not created

 

III. Clause 2 — “The Word was with God”

καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν

Key term:

  • πρὸς (pros) — not merely “with,” but:
    • “toward”
    • “face-to-face relationship”

This implies:

  • Distinction of person
  • Personal relationship

The Word is not the same person as “the God” (the Father)
But exists in direct relationship with Him

Therefore:

Distinction without separation

 

IV. Clause 3 — “The Word was God”

καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος

This is the most debated phrase—and the most critical.

A. Word Order Matters

Greek places θεὸς (God) first:

θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος

This emphasizes:
The nature or essence of the Word

 

B. The Anarthrous θεὸς (No Article)

  • “θεὸς” has no definite article
  • “ὁ λόγος” has the article → identifies the subject

Grammar rule:

The subject is “ὁ λόγος” (the Word)
“θεὸς” describes what the Word is

 

C. Qualitative Meaning (Not Indefinite)

The absence of the article does NOT mean:

  • “a god”

Instead, it expresses:
quality or nature

Therefore:

The phrase means:
“The Word possesses the nature of God”

Not:

  • “The Word is a god”
  • Not “a lesser deity”

But:
Fully God in essence

 

V. CENI — Establishing the Doctrine

Command (Direct Statement)

  • “The Word was God” (John 1:1)

Example

  • The Word creates all things (John 1:3)

Necessary Inference

  • Only God is eternal
  • Only God is Creator

The Word is eternal and Creator
Therefore, the Word is God

 

VI. Apologetic — Refuting the “a god” Interpretation

Some claim:
“The Word was a god”

This interpretation fails for several reasons:

1. Greek Grammar

  • No indefinite article exists in Greek
  • Context determines meaning

2. Word Order

  • If John meant “a god,” structure would differ

3. Context (John 1:3)

“All things were made by him…”

If the Word created all things:

  • He cannot be created
  • Therefore, He cannot be “a lesser god”

 

VII. Polemic — Exposing Doctrinal Error

❌ “ Jesus is a created being”

Contradicted by:

  • Eternal existence (ἦν)
  • Creator role (John 1:3)

❌ “ Jesus is not fully God”

Contradicted by:

  • Direct statement: “the Word was God”
  • Consistent biblical testimony

❌ “ This is philosophical language, not literal”

Contradicted by:

  • Concrete grammatical structure
  • Historical narrative context

These positions collapse under the text itself

 

VIII. The Identity of the Logos

Later in John 1:14:

“And the Word was made flesh…”

The Logos is:

  • Not an abstract idea
  • Not a concept

The Logos is a person

And that person is:
Jesus Christ

 

IX. Theological Implication — Full Deity, Full Distinction

From John 1:1, we establish:

  1. Eternal existence → “was”
  2. Personal distinction → “with God”
  3. Divine nature → “was God”

Therefore:

Jesus Christ is fully God, yet distinct from the Father

 

X. Spiritual Application — The Christ We Must Believe

This is not merely theology—it is truth that demands response.

  • If Christ is eternal → He is Lord over all
  • If Christ is God → He is worthy of worship
  • If Christ is Creator → He has authority over life

Therefore:

We must believe Him as He is—not as redefined by human reasoning

 

Conclusion: The Word Who Is God

John 1:1 leaves no room for ambiguity:

  • The Word existed before time
  • The Word was in relationship with God
  • The Word is God in nature

And this Word became flesh

Therefore:

Jesus Christ is not a created being, not a lesser deity, but fully God—eternal, divine, and worthy of all worship

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Ang Logos sa Juan 1:1 — Gramatikang Griyego at ang Kalikasan ni Cristo

ANG PAGKA-DIYOS NI CRISTO — ARALIN 5

Panimula: Isa sa Pinakamahalagang Talata Tungkol kay Cristo

Napatunayan na natin mula sa Lumang Tipan na ang Mesiyas ay Dios. Ngayon, pupunta tayo sa isa sa pinaka-malinaw at pinaka-matibay na talata sa buong Biblia:

Juan 1:1

“Nang pasimula ay ang Verbo, at ang Verbo ay sumasa Dios, at ang Verbo ay Dios.”

Ang talatang ito ay hindi lang nagbibigay ideya—ito ay eksaktong naglalarawan kung sino si Cristo.

Sinasagot nito ang tatlong tanong:

  • Umiiral ba si Cristo bago Siya ipanganak?
  • Siya ba ay hiwalay sa Ama?
  • Siya ba ay tunay na Dios?

Lahat ng ito ay sinagot dito—malinaw at direkta.

 

I. Ang Orihinal na Teksto sa Griyego

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος

Susuriin natin ito isa-isa.

 

II. Unang Bahagi — “Nang pasimula ay ang Verbo”

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος

Pansinin:

  • “Nang pasimula” — katulad ng Genesis 1:1
  • “ἦν (ēn)” — nagpapakita ng tuloy-tuloy na pag-iral sa walang hanggang nakaraan

Hindi sinasabi:

  • “nagsimula ang Verbo”

Kundi:
Nandoon na Siya bago pa magsimula ang lahat

Kaya malinaw:

Ang Verbo ay walang pasimula—Siya ay walang hanggan

 

III. Ikalawang Bahagi — “Ang Verbo ay sumasa Dios”

καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν

Ang salitang “pros” ay hindi lang “kasama”

Ibig sabihin:

  • nakaharap
  • may relasyon
  • personal na pakikipag-ugnayan

Ibig sabihin:

  • Hiwalay na persona
  • Hindi Siya ang Ama

Pero:
May malapit at direktang relasyon

 

IV. Ikatlong Bahagi — “Ang Verbo ay Dios”

καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος

Ito ang pinakamahalagang bahagi.

A. Ayos ng mga salita

Nauna ang “Dios”:

Ipinapakita nito ang kalikasan ng Verbo

 

B. Walang Article ang “θεὸς”

  • Walang “the”
  • Pero hindi ibig sabihin nito ay “isang dios”

Sa Griyego:
Hindi ginagamit ang article para tukuyin kung “a” o “the” lang.

 

C. Ano ang tunay na ibig sabihin?

Ipinapakita nito ang uri o kalikasan

Kaya ang ibig sabihin:

Ang Verbo ay may kalikasang Dios

Hindi:

  • “isang dios”
  • o “mas mababang dios”

Kundi:
tunay na Dios

 

V. CENI — Pagtatatag ng Katotohanan

Utos (Direct Statement)

  • “ang Verbo ay Dios”

Halimbawa

  • Lahat ay nilikha sa pamamagitan Niya (Juan 1:3)

Kinakailangang Konklusyon

  • Ang Dios lang ang walang hanggan
  • Ang Dios lang ang lumilikha

Ang Verbo ay walang hanggan at Manlilikha
Kaya Siya ay Dios.

 

VI. Apologetics — Pagtutuwid sa “isang dios lang Siya”

May nagsasabi:
“Ang Verbo ay isang dios lang”

Mali ito dahil:

1. Walang “a” sa Griyego

  • Hindi ito basehan ng interpretasyon

2. Konteksto

“Ang lahat ng mga bagay ay ginawa sa pamamagitan niya…” (Juan 1:3)

Kung Siya ang lumikha ng lahat:

  • Hindi Siya nilikha

 

VII. Polemics — Pagtanggi sa Maling Aral

❌ “ Si Jesus ay nilikhang nilalang”

Salungat sa:

  • Walang hanggang pag-iral
  • Siya ang lumilikha

❌ “ Hindi Siya tunay na Dios”

Salungat sa:

  • Direktang sinabi: “Dios ang Verbo”

❌ “ Malalim lang na pilosopiya ito”

Hindi ito totoo dahil:

  • Ito ay malinaw na pahayag
  • Hindi ito simbolo

Wasak ang maling aral na ito sa harap ng Kasulatan.

 

VIII. Sino ang Verbo?

Sa Juan 1:14:

“At nagkatawang-tao ang Verbo…”

Ang Verbo ay hindi ideya
Hindi konsepto

Siya ay persona

At Siya ay:
Si Jesucristo

 

IX. Teolohikal na Katotohanan

Mula sa Juan 1:1:

  1. Walang hanggan — “Nang pasimula”
  2. Siya’y hiwalay na persona — “sumasa Dios”
  3. Dios — “ang Verbo ay Dios”

Kaya:

Si Cristo ay tunay na Dios, at hiwalay ang persona sa Ama

 

X. Praktikal na Aplikasyon

Hindi lang ito aral—ito ay katotohanan na dapat tanggapin.

  • Kung Siya ay Dios → Siya ay dapat sambahin
  • Kung Siya ang lumikha → Siya ay makapangyarihan (omnipotent)
  • Kung Siya ay walang hanggan → Siya ang Panginoon

Kaya dapat:
Kilalanin natin Siya ayon sa Biblia

 

Pangwakas: Ang Verbo ay Dios

Ang Juan 1:1 ay malinaw:

  • Ang Verbo ay umiiral na bago ang lahat
  • Ang Verbo ay kasama ng Dios
  • Ang Verbo ay Dios

At ang Verbo ay nagkatawang-tao.

Kaya ang konklusyon:

Si Jesucristo ay hindi nilikha, hindi tao lamang, kundi tunay na Dios—walang hanggan, banal, at karapat-dapat sambahin

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