The Logos of John 1:1 — Greek Grammar and the Nature of Christ
THE DEITY OF CHRIST — LECTURE 5
Introduction: The Most Critical Verse in Christology
Having established from the Old Testament that the Messiah is divine,
we now come to one of the most decisive passages in all Scripture:
John 1:1
This verse does not merely suggest the nature of Christ—it defines
it with precision.
“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the
Word was God.”
Every phrase is deliberate. Every word is exact. And when examined in
the original Greek, the meaning becomes even more powerful.
This passage answers three essential questions:
- Did Christ exist
before His birth?
- Is He distinct from
the Father?
- Is He truly God?
John 1:1 answers all three—clearly and conclusively.
I. Greek Text and Structure
The original Greek reads:
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
Transliteration:
- En archē ēn ho
logos
- kai ho logos ēn
pros ton theon
- kai theos ēn ho
logos
We will examine each clause carefully.
II. Clause 1 — “In the beginning was the Word”
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
Key observations:
- Ἐν ἀρχῇ (En
archē) — “In the beginning”
→ Same phrase used in Genesis 1:1 - ἦν (ēn) —
imperfect tense of “to be”
→ Indicates continuous existence in the past
This does not mean:
- “The Word began”
It means:
The Word already existed when the beginning occurred
Therefore:
The Word is eternal, not created
III. Clause 2 — “The Word was with God”
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
Key term:
- πρὸς (pros) —
not merely “with,” but:
- “toward”
- “face-to-face
relationship”
This implies:
- Distinction of
person
- Personal
relationship
The Word is not the same person as “the God” (the Father)
But exists in direct relationship with Him
Therefore:
Distinction without separation
IV. Clause 3 — “The Word was God”
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
This is the most debated phrase—and the most critical.
A. Word Order Matters
Greek places θεὸς (God) first:
θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
This emphasizes:
The nature or essence of the Word
B. The Anarthrous θεὸς (No Article)
- “θεὸς” has no
definite article
- “ὁ λόγος” has the
article → identifies the subject
Grammar rule:
The subject is “ὁ λόγος” (the Word)
“θεὸς” describes what the Word is
C. Qualitative Meaning (Not Indefinite)
The absence of the article does NOT mean:
- “a god”
Instead, it expresses:
quality or nature
Therefore:
The phrase means:
“The Word possesses the nature of God”
Not:
- “The Word is a god”
- Not “a lesser deity”
But:
Fully God in essence
V. CENI — Establishing the Doctrine
Command (Direct Statement)
- “The Word was
God” (John 1:1)
Example
- The Word creates
all things (John 1:3)
Necessary Inference
- Only God is
eternal
- Only God is
Creator
The Word is eternal and Creator
Therefore, the Word is God
VI. Apologetic — Refuting the “a god” Interpretation
Some claim:
“The Word was a god”
This interpretation fails for several reasons:
1. Greek Grammar
- No indefinite
article exists in Greek
- Context determines
meaning
2. Word Order
- If John meant “a
god,” structure would differ
3. Context (John 1:3)
“All things were made by him…”
If the Word created all things:
- He cannot be
created
- Therefore, He
cannot be “a lesser god”
VII. Polemic — Exposing Doctrinal Error
❌ “ Jesus is a created being”
Contradicted by:
- Eternal existence
(ἦν)
- Creator role (John
1:3)
❌ “ Jesus is not fully God”
Contradicted by:
- Direct statement: “the
Word was God”
- Consistent
biblical testimony
❌ “ This is philosophical
language, not literal”
Contradicted by:
- Concrete
grammatical structure
- Historical
narrative context
These positions collapse under the text itself
VIII. The Identity of the Logos
Later in John 1:14:
“And the Word was made flesh…”
The Logos is:
- Not an abstract
idea
- Not a concept
The Logos is a person
And that person is:
Jesus Christ
IX. Theological Implication — Full Deity, Full Distinction
From John 1:1, we establish:
- Eternal
existence → “was”
- Personal
distinction → “with God”
- Divine nature
→ “was God”
Therefore:
Jesus Christ is fully God, yet distinct from the Father
X. Spiritual Application — The Christ We Must Believe
This is not merely theology—it is truth that demands response.
- If Christ is
eternal → He is Lord over all
- If Christ is God →
He is worthy of worship
- If Christ is
Creator → He has authority over life
Therefore:
We must believe Him as He is—not as redefined by human reasoning
Conclusion: The Word Who Is God
John 1:1 leaves no room for ambiguity:
- The Word existed
before time
- The Word was in
relationship with God
- The Word is God in
nature
And this Word became flesh
Therefore:
Jesus Christ is not a created being, not a lesser deity, but fully
God—eternal, divine, and worthy of all worship
by
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Ang Logos sa Juan 1:1 — Gramatikang Griyego at ang Kalikasan ni Cristo
ANG PAGKA-DIYOS NI CRISTO — ARALIN 5
Panimula: Isa sa Pinakamahalagang Talata Tungkol kay Cristo
Napatunayan na natin mula sa Lumang Tipan na ang Mesiyas ay Dios.
Ngayon, pupunta tayo sa isa sa pinaka-malinaw at pinaka-matibay na talata sa
buong Biblia:
Juan 1:1
“Nang pasimula ay ang Verbo, at ang Verbo ay sumasa Dios, at ang
Verbo ay Dios.”
Ang talatang ito ay hindi lang nagbibigay ideya—ito ay eksaktong
naglalarawan kung sino si Cristo.
Sinasagot nito ang tatlong tanong:
- Umiiral ba si Cristo
bago Siya ipanganak?
- Siya ba ay hiwalay
sa Ama?
- Siya ba ay tunay na
Dios?
Lahat ng ito ay sinagot dito—malinaw at direkta.
I. Ang Orihinal na Teksto sa Griyego
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
Susuriin natin ito isa-isa.
II. Unang Bahagi — “Nang pasimula ay ang Verbo”
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος
Pansinin:
- “Nang pasimula”
— katulad ng Genesis 1:1
- “ἦν (ēn)” —
nagpapakita ng tuloy-tuloy na pag-iral sa walang hanggang nakaraan
Hindi sinasabi:
- “nagsimula ang
Verbo”
Kundi:
Nandoon na Siya bago pa magsimula ang lahat
Kaya malinaw:
Ang Verbo ay walang pasimula—Siya ay walang hanggan
III. Ikalawang Bahagi — “Ang Verbo ay sumasa Dios”
καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν
Ang salitang “pros” ay hindi lang “kasama”
Ibig sabihin:
- nakaharap
- may relasyon
- personal na
pakikipag-ugnayan
Ibig sabihin:
- Hiwalay na persona
- Hindi Siya ang Ama
Pero:
May malapit at direktang relasyon
IV. Ikatlong Bahagi — “Ang Verbo ay Dios”
καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος
Ito ang pinakamahalagang bahagi.
A. Ayos ng mga salita
Nauna ang “Dios”:
Ipinapakita nito ang kalikasan ng Verbo
B. Walang Article ang “θεὸς”
- Walang “the”
- Pero hindi ibig
sabihin nito ay “isang dios”
Sa Griyego:
Hindi ginagamit ang article para tukuyin kung “a” o “the” lang.
C. Ano ang tunay na ibig sabihin?
Ipinapakita nito ang uri o kalikasan
Kaya ang ibig sabihin:
Ang Verbo ay may kalikasang Dios
Hindi:
- “isang dios”
- o “mas mababang
dios”
Kundi:
tunay na Dios
V. CENI — Pagtatatag ng Katotohanan
Utos (Direct Statement)
- “ang Verbo ay
Dios”
Halimbawa
- Lahat ay nilikha sa
pamamagitan Niya (Juan 1:3)
Kinakailangang Konklusyon
- Ang Dios lang ang
walang hanggan
- Ang Dios lang ang
lumilikha
Ang Verbo ay walang hanggan at Manlilikha
Kaya Siya ay Dios.
VI. Apologetics — Pagtutuwid sa “isang dios lang Siya”
May nagsasabi:
“Ang Verbo ay isang dios lang”
Mali ito dahil:
1. Walang “a” sa Griyego
- Hindi ito basehan
ng interpretasyon
2. Konteksto
“Ang lahat ng mga bagay ay ginawa sa pamamagitan niya…” (Juan
1:3)
Kung Siya ang lumikha ng lahat:
- Hindi Siya nilikha
VII. Polemics — Pagtanggi sa Maling Aral
❌ “ Si Jesus ay nilikhang
nilalang”
Salungat sa:
- Walang hanggang
pag-iral
- Siya ang lumilikha
❌ “ Hindi Siya tunay na Dios”
Salungat sa:
- Direktang sinabi:
“Dios ang Verbo”
❌ “ Malalim lang na pilosopiya
ito”
Hindi ito totoo dahil:
- Ito ay malinaw na
pahayag
- Hindi ito simbolo
Wasak ang maling aral na ito sa harap ng Kasulatan.
VIII. Sino ang Verbo?
Sa Juan 1:14:
“At nagkatawang-tao ang Verbo…”
Ang Verbo ay hindi ideya
Hindi konsepto
Siya ay persona
At Siya ay:
Si Jesucristo
IX. Teolohikal na Katotohanan
Mula sa Juan 1:1:
- Walang hanggan — “Nang
pasimula”
- Siya’y hiwalay na
persona — “sumasa Dios”
- Dios — “ang Verbo
ay Dios”
Kaya:
Si Cristo ay tunay na Dios, at hiwalay ang persona sa Ama
X. Praktikal na Aplikasyon
Hindi lang ito aral—ito ay katotohanan na dapat tanggapin.
- Kung Siya ay Dios
→ Siya ay dapat sambahin
- Kung Siya ang
lumikha → Siya ay makapangyarihan (omnipotent)
- Kung Siya ay
walang hanggan → Siya ang Panginoon
Kaya dapat:
Kilalanin natin Siya ayon sa Biblia
Pangwakas: Ang Verbo ay Dios
Ang Juan 1:1 ay malinaw:
- Ang Verbo ay
umiiral na bago ang lahat
- Ang Verbo ay kasama
ng Dios
- Ang Verbo ay Dios
At ang Verbo ay nagkatawang-tao.
Kaya ang konklusyon:
Si Jesucristo ay hindi nilikha, hindi tao lamang, kundi tunay na
Dios—walang hanggan, banal, at karapat-dapat sambahin
by
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